[vc_row widthopt=”” fixedbg=”” footerrow=””][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1\u00a0h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/a>, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec di\u1ec5n ra trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 10\u00a0h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tuy s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb n\u0103m n\u00e0y sang n\u0103m kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 100 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y bao nhi\u00eau ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row widthopt=”” fixedbg=”” footerrow=””][vc_column][vc_empty_space][vc_single_image image=”6244398″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p axit sulphuric<\/em><\/p>\n B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 n\u0103m n\u00e0o, axit sulfuric \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u danh s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a axit sulfuric l\u00e0 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n – ammonium sulfate v\u00e0 superphosphate. Tuy nhi\u00ean, axit sulfuric c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n Ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda \u0110\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row widthopt=”” fixedbg=”” footerrow=””][vc_column][vc_empty_space][vc_single_image image=”6244400″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Nit\u01a1<\/em><\/p>\n Nit\u01a1 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 v\u00ec n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m kh\u00ed ch\u0103n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi oxy kh\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong>\u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nit\u01a1 l\u1ecfng:<\/p>\n [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row widthopt=”” fixedbg=”” footerrow=””][vc_column][vc_empty_space][vc_single_image image=”6244403″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Ethylene<\/em><\/p>\n Ethylene l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u00a0ch\u00ednh cho ng\u00e0nh h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh nh\u1ef1a. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi th\u1ea5y h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y linh ho\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch sau:<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ethylene glycol (ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng), styrene (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t polystyrene d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m bao b\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t), v\u00e0 polyethylen, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t;<\/p>\n Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 ethylene \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i polyetylen kh\u00e1c nhau<\/p>\n [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row widthopt=”” fixedbg=”” footerrow=””][vc_column][vc_empty_space][vc_single_image image=”6244401″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p oxy<\/em><\/p>\n M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a oxy oxy l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y sau:<\/p>\n Oxy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ecf h\u00e0n oxyacetylene v\u00e0 oxyhydrogen. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row widthopt=”” fixedbg=”” footerrow=””][vc_column][vc_empty_space][vc_single_image image=”6244402″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Propylene<\/em><\/p>\n S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu Propylene l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t trung gian trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n Clo c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ethylene dichloride l\u00e0 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t polyvinyl clorua (PVC). Nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng nh\u1ef1a tr\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1eafp nh\u00e0 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 PVC, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.\u00a0Ethylene dichloride c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t polystyrene, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i polymer t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u1eefu \u00edch kh\u00e1c. Ethylene dichloride \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\u00a0M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng gi\u1eb7t kh\u00f4,\u00a0S\u00e0n nh\u00e0,\u00a0R\u00e8m c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 t\u00e1m,\u00a0Cao su t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/p>\n [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row widthopt=”” fixedbg=”” footerrow=””][vc_column][vc_empty_space][vc_single_image image=”6244397″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p axit phosphoric<\/em><\/p>\n Kho\u1ea3ng ba ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 axit photphoric \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng\u00a0kh\u00e1c cho axit photphoric:<\/p>\n [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row widthopt=”” fixedbg=”” footerrow=””][vc_column][vc_empty_space][vc_single_image image=”6244396″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p amoniac<\/em><\/p>\n H\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 amoniac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:<\/p>\n N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a amoniac, amoni nitrat v\u00e0 ur\u00ea. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n amoni nitrat.<\/p>\n Amoniac c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i ra, amoniac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:<\/p>\n Natri hydroxit<\/strong>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t baz\u01a1 m\u1ea1nh trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Natri hydroxit:<\/p>\n Ngu\u1ed3n: hoachatnhapkhauvn[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" [vc_row widthopt=”” fixedbg=”” footerrow=””][vc_column][vc_column_text] 10 H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1\u00a0h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec di\u1ec5n ra trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 10\u00a0h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5… Xem b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":175,"featured_media":6244404,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2502],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6244271","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hoa-chat-cong-nghiep"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yp.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6244271","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yp.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yp.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yp.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/users\/175"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yp.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6244271"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/yp.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6244271\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yp.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/media\/6244404"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yp.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6244271"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yp.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6244271"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yp.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6244271"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n\u1eaec quy \u00f4 t\u00f4 axit ch\u00ec
\nC\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 axit hydrochloric, thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m, ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed5, ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c
\nAxit sulfuric c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3:<\/p>\n
\n\u0110\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf oxit kim lo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1 kim lo\u1ea1i
\n\u0110\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh
\nHo\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t rayon v\u00e0 nitroglycerine<\/p>\n2. NIT\u01a0\u00a0(N2)<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 nit\u01a1 l\u1ecfng:<\/strong><\/h4>\n
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3. ETHYLENE (C2H4)<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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4. OXYGEN (O2)<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\nOxy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p luy\u1ec7n th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong qu\u1eb7ng n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. C\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5n oxy cho m\u1ed7i t\u1ea5n th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t!
\nOxy l\u1ecfng (LOX) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n oxy h\u00f3a trong t\u00ean l\u1eeda v\u00e0 t\u00ean l\u1eeda. B\u00ecnh oxy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f3ng t\u00e0u con thoi ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 550.000 l\u00edt oxy l\u1ecfng.
\nOxy c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 hydrocarbon (h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 carbon v\u00e0 hydro) th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m hydrocarbon nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 ethylene, propylene v\u00e0 acetylene, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a, s\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n5. PROPYLENE (C3H6)<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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6. CHLORINE (CL2)<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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7. ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE (C2H2CL2)<\/strong><\/h3>\n
8. AXIT PHOSPHORIC (H3PO4)<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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9. AMMONIAC (NH3)<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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10. NATRI HYDROXIDE (NAOH)<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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