L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai thanh kho\u1ea3n NHTM c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 12\/2009 khi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t t\u00e1i c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n \u1edf m\u1ee9c 8%\/n\u0103m. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1ed1n thanh kho\u1ea3n\/ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi huy \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u00e1ng 12\/2009 gi\u1ea3m \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m NHTM so v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2008. Trong \u0111\u00f3: Nh\u00f3m NHTM Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 34,5% xu\u1ed1ng 25,8%; Nh\u00f3m NHTM c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 47,2% xu\u1ed1ng 43,4%; Nh\u00f3m NH li\u00ean doanh v\u00e0 NH n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 65,3% xu\u1ed1ng 60,8%. Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 12\/2009, s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c NHTM t\u1eeb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng LNH t\u0103ng 65,8% so v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2008. Ri\u00eang th\u00e1ng 12\/2009, huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng LNH t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn (g\u1ea7n 21%) so v\u1edbi th\u00e1ng 11\/2009. Theo \u0111\u00f3: T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng LNH so t\u1ed5ng d\u01b0 n\u1ee3 cho vay n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 21,6% n\u0103m 2008 l\u00ean 26%; T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch (t\u1ed5ng d\u01b0 n\u1ee3 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng – huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng I) so v\u1edbi huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng LNH t\u0103ng t\u1eeb -25,3% n\u0103m 2008 l\u00ean 5,4% n\u0103m 2009. L\u00e3i su\u1ea5t LNH qua \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 1 tu\u1ea7n t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh. Trong khi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf v\u00e0 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng 1% t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c 7% l\u00ean 8%\/n\u0103m v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12\/2009 th\u00ec l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t LNH b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n t\u0103ng t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh 6%\/n\u0103m \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng trong n\u0103m l\u00ean g\u1ea7n 11%\/n\u0103m v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n qua \u0111\u00eam, t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 8%\/n\u0103m l\u00ean 12%\/n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n 1 tu\u1ea7n.<\/div>\n
L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 10\/2010 – 1\/2011, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\/huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n VND c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng TCTD t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c 98,6% th\u00e1ng 10\/2010 l\u00ean m\u1ee9c 100,07% th\u00e1ng 11\/2010. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2010, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 99,1%. Nh\u01b0ng ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1\/2011, m\u1ee9c 100% l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 5\/2011. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng nhanh h\u01a1n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng VND li\u00ean t\u1ee5c di\u1ec5n ra trong v\u00f2ng 6 th\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 10\/2010. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed trong 3 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2011, s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n VND v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng NHTM li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp gi\u1ea3m so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng li\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng LNH, m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t qua \u0111\u00eam t\u0103ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t \u0111ang duy tr\u00ec xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2010 th\u00ec xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 7 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m. T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 7\/2010 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 10\/2010, m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n th\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t LNH li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 0,1-0,5%\/n\u0103m. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 11\/2010, ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng 1 th\u00e1ng, m\u1ee9c l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng cao \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn 2,8%\/n\u0103m l\u00ean m\u1ee9c 10,3%\/n\u0103m v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11\/2010. L\u00e3i su\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb 1 tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn 12 th\u00e1ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng xung quanh m\u1ee9c 13,3-13,5%\/n\u0103m, cao h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh 7-11%\/n\u0103m trong c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c NHTM t\u0103ng vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng LNH t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 8\/2010. M\u1ee9c t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10\/2010 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng theo th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1t 19,3%. S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n gi\u00fap cho t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u01b0 n\u1ee3\/huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c NHTM c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, s\u1ed1 d\u01b0 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n VND c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c NHTM t\u1eeb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng LNH trong 11 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m t\u0103ng kh\u00e1 so v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2009, \u0111\u1ea1t 14,34%. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1ed1n huy \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng LNH\/t\u1ed5ng v\u1ed1n huy \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0103ng t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn 14% trong 7 th\u00e1ng li\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean m\u1ee9c 17,1% th\u00e1ng 11\/2010 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u00ean m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t 21,03% v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1\/2011.<\/div>\n
Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng r\u1ee7i ro thanh kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c NHTM trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a NHTM. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ch quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khi c\u00e1c NHTM kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n thanh kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a NHNN \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn uy t\u00edn, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ban L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o NHTM.<\/div>\n
1.3. Khung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thanh kho\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c NHTM<\/em><\/strong><\/div>\nT\u1eeb Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 457\/2005\/Q\u0110-NHNN v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c TCTD, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n thanh kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c NHTM \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: (i) y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thanh kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c NHTM. NHNN y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c NHTM \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean Ban Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c (Ban T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c) \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a NHTM. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u1edbm v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn\/ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra; (ii) m\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 an to\u00e0n v\u1ed1n, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi tr\u1ea3 cho k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n 7 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 30 ng\u00e0y, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho vay trung d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh 457 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thanh kho\u1ea3n trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c NHTM.<\/div>\n
Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2006-2010, NHNN \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p l\u00fd trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e2ng m\u1ee9c v\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c NHTM c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n l\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c NHTM c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n thanh kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung, ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 15\/2009\/TT-NHNN \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cQuy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho vay trung h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi TCTD\u201d. Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 13\/2010\/TT-NHNN ng\u00e0y 20\/05\/2010 \u201cQuy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a TCTD\u201d quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 an to\u00e0n v\u1ed1n, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi tr\u1ea3, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng so v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n huy \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/div>\n
Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo \u0110\u1ec1 \u00e1n 254, NHNN \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c NHTM l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p thanh kho\u1ea3n cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro thanh kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u00d0\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, NHNN \u0111\u00e3 cho c\u00e1c NHTM gia h\u1ea1n n\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p (DN) v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 NHTM mua b\u00e1n n\u1ee3 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng cho DN vay v\u00e0 n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c TCTD vay l\u1eabn nhau. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, NHNN ban h\u00e0nh Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 36\/2014\/TT-NHNN quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a TCTD, chi nh\u00e1nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (TT 36). TT 36 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u00e2ng d\u1ea7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n thanh kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c NHTM. Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a TT 36 \u0111\u00e3 chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 thanh kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a NHTM c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 an to\u00e0n thanh kho\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eb1m ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba r\u1ee7i ro thanh kho\u1ea3n, r\u1ee7i ro ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a NHTM nh\u01b0: T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef thanh kho\u1ea3n (b\u00e1o c\u00e1o theo ng\u00e0y); T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi tr\u1ea3 trong v\u00f2ng 30 ng\u00e0y (theo ng\u00e0y); T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u0111a ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 trung v\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n; T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u0111a ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u00e1i phi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7; T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u01b0 n\u1ee3 cho vay so v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi. Trong \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi tr\u1ea3 trong v\u00f2ng 30 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i \u0111a ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 trung v\u00e0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 thanh kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Basel III (LCR v\u00e0 NSFR).<\/div>\n
\u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 2016, Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 06\/2016\/TT-NHNN (TT06) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh nh\u1eb1m s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a TT 36. Trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thanh kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng: (i) T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n cho vay trung d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 60% xu\u1ed1ng 40% \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi NHTM v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m trong 2 n\u0103m (2017: 50%, 2018: 40%); (ii) \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m NHTM Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u01b0 n\u1ee3 cho vay tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m NHTM c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u00ean 50% v\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 l\u00e0 80%; (iii) Thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u00ean v\u1ed1n ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi NHTM Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb 15% l\u00ean 25%, Chi nh\u00e1nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i t\u1eeb 15% l\u00ean 35%, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 t\u1eeb 40% v\u1ec1 35%. B\u1ed5 sung ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n thanh kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng NHTM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n thanh kho\u1ea3n trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c NHTM l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n.<\/div>\n
Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 thanh kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c NHNN h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh s\u00e1t sao. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m v\u1ec1 thanh kho\u1ea3n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u xa d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh.<\/div>\n
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2. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\nT\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n thanh kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a NHTM c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thanh kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c NHNN ban h\u00e0nh, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 xin \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nh\u1eb1m kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng thanh kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c NHTM.<\/div>\n
2.1. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/strong><\/em><\/div>\nVi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00e0nh lang ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng NHTM l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng tin trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn:<\/div>\n
Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh thanh kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: v\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, NHNN kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cho t\u1eebng NHTM m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o chung cho c\u1ea3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u1edbm v\u1ec1 thanh kho\u1ea3n cho to\u00e0n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi an to\u00e0n thanh kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng thanh kho\u1ea3n v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng cao nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng NHTM \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1c NHTM s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u1edbn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o chung c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o cho NHNN l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0129 m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, NHNN c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u1edbm r\u1ee7i ro thanh kho\u1ea3n cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng NHTM, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 thanh kho\u1ea3n cho to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh Basel\u2026<\/div>\n
Th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng NHTM v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ea5t thanh kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a 3 NHTM th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n do ch\u1ee7 quan trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c NHTM. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd nhanh ch\u00f3ng, tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1. Do \u0111\u00f3, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng NHTM l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u00fap NHNN s\u1edbm ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c NHTM \u0111ang c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 x\u1ea3y ra r\u1ee7i ro thanh kho\u1ea3n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, NHNN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf t\u00e0i ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh s\u1edbm ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e1t sinh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro chung cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/div>\n
Th\u1ee9 ba, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi thanh kho\u1ea3n. Vai tr\u00f2 thanh kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a NHTM ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ACB x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng thanh kho\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, NHNN c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng khi c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a NHTM. N\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c NHTM, NHNN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c NHTM c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/div>\n
2.2. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c NHTM<\/strong><\/div>\nM\u1ecdi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh doanh c\u1ee7a NHTM \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch. Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 sinh l\u1ee3i th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n thanh kho\u1ea3n th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cv\u1eadt c\u1ea3n\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng thanh kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra c\u0169ng cho c\u00e1c NHTM m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/div>\n
Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, NHTM ph\u1ea3i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n trong thanh kho\u1ea3n n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh trong ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u00f3i chung. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 an to\u00e0n thanh kho\u1ea3n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c NHTM c\u1ea7n duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c NHTM c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ee7i ro t\u1eeb c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong kinh doanh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh, nh\u1eefng vi ph\u1ea1m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 khi ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ban \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn an to\u00e0n thanh kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra trong ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/div>\n
Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00e1c NHTM ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t huy \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea1nh tranh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c NHTM nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ed1n d\u00e2n c\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o l\u00e0m cho t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng chung tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c NHTM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch phi gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u2026<\/div>\n
Th\u1ee9 ba, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd khe h\u1edf thanh kho\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ee7i ro l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c NHTM c\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 cho vay (nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng, cho vay trung, d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n) theo l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng; c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n r\u00fat ti\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n khi l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng cao ho\u1eb7c khi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e3i su\u1ea5t cao, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thanh kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/div>\n
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, d\u00f9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng NHTM Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng kho\u1ea3ng thanh kho\u1ea3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, tuy nhi\u00ean,\u00a0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thanh kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c NHTM lu\u00f4n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh theo th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/div>\n
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1 VN Economy, Ba ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n\u201d, 6 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2011. http:\/\/vneconomy.vn\/20111206101234647P0C6\/ba-ngan-hang-hop-nhat-la-tu-nguyen.htm<\/p>\n
TS. \u0110\u1ed7 Ho\u00e0i Linh\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\nThS. L\u1ea1i Th\u1ecb Thanh Loan\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\nNgu\u1ed3n: TCNH s\u1ed1 21-2018<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
[vc_row widthopt=”” fixedbg=”” footerrow=””][vc_column][vc_column_text] T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i 2010, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 5 NHTM Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, 37 NHTM c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n, 50 chi nh\u00e1nh NHTM n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, 5 NHTM li\u00ean doanh, 5 NH 100% v\u1ed1n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. 1. Th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng thanh kho\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c NHTM giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2006 – 2017 V\u1ec1 l\u00fd… Xem b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":175,"featured_media":6244967,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2499],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6244966","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tai-chinh-ngan-hang"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yp.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6244966","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yp.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yp.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yp.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/users\/175"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yp.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6244966"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/yp.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6244966\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yp.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/media\/6244967"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yp.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6244966"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yp.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6244966"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yp.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6244966"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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